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摘要: 目的:探讨肾髓质癌的临床表现、诊断和治疗方法及分子生物学特征,以提高对该病的认识水平。方法:回顾性分析2011年7月收治的1例肾髓质癌患者临床资料:男,61岁。体检发现右肾占位病变入院。无血尿、发热、消瘦及其他不适之感。B超及CT检查示右肾上极有3.6 cm×3.3 cm类园形软组织密度影,边缘欠规则,其内密度不均,强化不均匀,其顶部部分突出于皮质,中心部位有液化,肾上盏受浸。在全麻下行经腹左肾肿瘤根治术,术中见右肾上极有一约3 cm×4 cm类圆形影,中央有明显坏死的灰白色肿块。结果:病理检查诊断为肾髓质癌。2013年4月出现右胸部隐痛不适,CT检查示第5肋骨多发溶骨性骨质破坏。在全麻下行第5、6肋骨后段切除术,术后病理检查诊断符合肾髓质癌骨转移。2014年3月因咽部不适,扁桃体肿物活检病理检查结果符合肾髓质癌转移,给予局部放疗。2014年6月头颅MRI经查发现T2W1冠状位右侧扣带回可见类圆形高信号占位病变,周边水肿明显,考虑肾髓质癌颅内转移。采用旋转式伽玛刀进行规划治疗。结论:肾髓质癌属罕见的肾脏恶性肿瘤,易转移,术前影像学检查难以与肾癌及肾集合管癌相鉴别。目前有效的治疗方法是尽早手术治疗,术后定期复诊。
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